Physics For Grade 9

Introduction

Grade 9 physics introduces students to the key concepts of classical mechanics, energy conservation, and electricity. Topics such as dynamics, force, pressure, and heat energy are covered in more depth, along with practical applications in areas such as fluid dynamics and thermodynamics. Students also begin to work with mathematical equations to describe physical phenomena, strengthening their problem-solving abilities. This grade serves as a bridge between basic physics concepts and more advanced topics, preparing students for further studies in science and engineering.

All Chapters & Topics

1.  Mechanics

• 1.1.  Motion
• 1.1.1.  Types of motion
• 1.1.2.  Distance and displacement
• 1.1.3.  Speed and Velocity
• 1.1.4.  Acceleration
• 1.1.5.  Graphical representation of motion
• 1.1.6.  Equations of motion
• 1.1.7.  Uniform and non-uniform motion
• 1.1.8.  Free fall and acceleration due to gravity
• 1.1.9.  Relative speed
• 1.1.10.  Circular motion
• 1.2.  Laws of force and motion
• 1.2.1.  The concept of force
• 1.2.2.  newton's first law of motion
• 1.2.3.  Newton's second law of motion
• 1.2.4.  Newton's third law of motion
• 1.2.5.  Inertia and types of inertia
• 1.2.6.  Motion
• 1.2.7.  Conservation of momentum
• 1.2.8.  Application of Newton's laws in daily life
• 1.2.9.  Types of Forces (Contact and Non-Contact)
• 1.2.10.  Friction and its effects
• 1.3.  Gravitational force
• 1.3.1.  Newton's law of universal gravitation
• 1.3.2.  Importance of Gravitational Force
• 1.3.3.  Acceleration due to gravity
• 1.3.4.  Free fall and weightlessness
• 1.3.5.  Mass and weight
• 1.3.6.  Variation of g with height and depth
• 1.3.7.  Kepler's laws of planetary motion
• 1.3.8.  Satellites and their orbits
• 1.4.  Work, Energy and Power
• 1.4.1.  Concept of work
• 1.4.2.  Positive and negative actions
• 1.4.3.  Work done by constant and variable force
• 1.4.4.  Energy and its forms
• 1.4.5.  Kinetic energy and potential energy
• 1.4.6.  Law of conservation of energy
• 1.4.8.  Commercial unit of energy
• 1.4.9.  Work–energy theorem
• 1.5.  Simple machines
• 1.5.1.  Types of simple machines
• 1.5.2.  Mechanical advantage
• 1.5.3.  Machine efficiency
• 1.5.4.  Levers and their types
• 1.5.5.  Pulleys and Inclined Planes
• 1.5.6.  Gears and their uses

2.  Properties of matter

• 2.1.  States of matter
• 2.1.1.  Solids, liquids and gases
• 2.1.2.  Properties of different states of matter
• 2.1.3.  Change in state of matter
• 2.1.4.  Plasma and Bose–Einstein condensate
• 2.2.  Density and pressure
• 2.2.1.  Concept of density and relative density
• 2.2.2.  Pressure in solids, liquids and gases
• 2.2.3.  Pascal's law and its applications
• 2.2.4.  Atmospheric pressure and its variations
• 2.2.5.  Surface tension and capillarity
• 2.3.  Buoyancy and Archimedes' principle
• 2.3.1.  Buoyant force
• 2.3.2.  Archimedes principle
• 2.3.3.  Applications of Archimedes' Principle
• 2.3.4.  floating and sinking objects
• 2.3.5.  Theory of Flotation and Archimedes' Principle

3.  Heat and Thermodynamics

• 3.1.  Temperature and heat
• 3.1.1.  Concept of heat and temperature
• 3.1.2.  Temperature measurement
• 3.1.3.  Temperature scales
• 3.2.  Heat transfer
• 3.2.1.  Conduction of heat
• 3.2.2.  Convection of heat
• 3.2.3.  heat radiation
• 3.2.4.  Applications of heat transfer
• 3.2.5.  Thermal conductivity
• 3.3.  Thermal expansion
• 3.3.1.  Expansion of solids, liquids and gases
• 3.3.2.  Abnormal expansion of water
• 3.3.3.  Applications of Thermal Expansion
• 3.4.  Specific heat capacity and latent heat
• 3.4.1.  Concept of specific heat capacity
• 3.4.2.  Measurement and applications of specific heat
• 3.4.3.  Latent heat of fusion and vaporization
• 3.4.4.  Heat Engines and Efficiency

4.  Waves and sound

• 4.1.  Waves and their types
• 4.1.1.  Mechanical and electromagnetic waves
• 4.1.2.  Longitudinal and Transverse Waves
• 4.1.3.  Properties of Waves
• 4.1.4.  Wavelength, frequency and speed of the wave
• 4.1.5.  Superimposition of waves
• 4.2.  Sound waves
• 4.2.1.  Nature and transmission of sound
• 4.2.2.  Speed of sound in different mediums
• 4.2.3.  Reflection of sound and echo
• 4.2.4.  Sonar and ultrasound
• 4.2.5.  Resonance and pulsation
• 4.3.  Sound characteristics
• 4.3.1.  Intensity, loudness and quality of sound
• 4.3.2.  Doppler effect in sound

5.  Lighting and Optics

• 5.1.  Reflection of light
• 5.1.1.  Laws of reflection
• 5.1.2.  Reflection from a plane mirror
• 5.1.3.  Reflection from a spherical mirror
• 5.1.4.  Image formation by concave and convex mirrors
• 5.1.5.  Applications of Reflection
• 5.2.  Refraction of light
• 5.2.1.  Laws of refraction
• 5.2.2.  Refractive index
• 5.2.3.  Refraction through a glass slab
• 5.2.4.  Refraction in water and air
• 5.2.5.  Lenses and their types
• 5.2.6.  Image formation by convex and concave lenses
• 5.2.7.  Total internal reflection and its applications
• 5.3.  Dispersion and scattering of light
• 5.3.1.  Spectrum of white light
• 5.3.2.  Prisms and Dispersion
• 5.3.3.  Tyndall effect and blue sky

6.  Electricity and Magnetism

• 6.1.  Electric charge and static electricity
• 6.1.1.  The concept of electric charge
• 6.1.2.  Charging by friction, contact and induction
• 6.1.3.  Electroscope and its working
• 6.2.  Current Electricity
• 6.2.1.  The concept of electric current
• 6.2.2.  Ohm's Law and Resistance
• 6.2.3.  Factors affecting resistance
• 6.2.4.  Series and Parallel Circuits
• 6.2.5.  Heating effect of electric current
• 6.2.6.  Electric power and energy
• 6.3.  Magnetism
• 6.3.1.  Natural and artificial magnets
• 6.3.2.  Properties of magnets
• 6.3.3.  Earth's magnetism
• 6.3.4.  Magnetic field and field lines
• 6.3.5.  Electromagnets and their applications

7.  Modern Physics

• 7.1.  structure of the atom
• 7.1.1.  Atomic Structure and Subatomic Particles
• 7.1.2.  Electrons, Protons, and Neutrons
• 7.1.3.  Rutherford and Bohr model
• 7.2.  Radioactivity
• 7.2.1.  Types of radioactive emissions
• 7.2.2.  Half-life and radioactive decay
• 7.2.3.  Uses and Hazards of Radioactivity

8.  Space science and astronomy

• 8.1.  The universe and its components
• 8.1.1.  Stars and galaxies
• 8.1.2.  Planets and Solar System
• 8.2.  Satellites
• 8.2.1.  Natural and artificial satellites
• 8.2.2.  Use of satellites