Physics For Undergraduate

Introduction

Undergraduate physics provides students with a broad understanding of classical and modern physics, including topics such as mechanics, thermodynamics, electromagnetism, quantum mechanics, and relativity. Students develop strong analytical and mathematical skills, working with calculus-based equations and experimental data. Laboratory work plays an important role in strengthening theoretical concepts, and students often engage in computational physics and real-world applications. This level of study prepares students for careers in science, engineering, and research, as well as further specialization in graduate study.

All Chapters & Topics

1.  Classical mechanics

• 1.1.  dynamics
• 1.1.1.  Motion in one dimension
• 1.1.2.  Motion in two dimensions
• 1.1.3.  projectile motion
• 1.1.4.  Relative speed
• 1.1.5.  Uniform circular motion
• 1.1.6.  Non-uniform circular motion
• 1.1.7.  Reference frames and transformations
• 1.2.  Newton's Laws of Motion
• 1.2.1.  First law of motion
• 1.2.2.  Second law of motion
• 1.2.3.  Third Law of Motion
• 1.2.4.  Applications of Newton's Laws
• 1.2.5.  Friction and its types
• 1.2.6.  Free Body Diagram
• 1.2.7.  Constraints and pseudo-forces
• 1.3.  Work and Energy
• 1.3.1.  work done by the force
• 1.3.2.  Work–energy theorem
• 1.3.3.  Kinetic energy
• 1.3.4.  Potential energy in classical mechanics
• 1.3.5.  Conservative and non-conservative forces
• 1.3.6.  Energy Conservation
• 1.3.7.  Power and efficiency
• 1.4.  Speed and collisions
• 1.4.1.  Linear momentum
• 1.4.2.  Conservation of momentum
• 1.4.3.  Impulse and impact force
• 1.4.4.  Elastic and inelastic collision
• 1.4.5.  Center of mass and speed
• 1.4.6.  Rocket Propulsion
• 1.5.  Rotational motion
• 1.5.1.  Torque and Angular Momentum
• 1.5.2.  Moment of inertia
• 1.5.3.  Rotational Kinematics
• 1.5.4.  Rotational Energy
• 1.5.5.  Rolling Motion
• 1.5.6.  Precession and gyroscopic motion
• 1.6.  Gravitational force
• 1.6.1.  Newton's law of universal gravitation
• 1.6.2.  Gravitational potential energy
• 1.6.3.  Orbital mechanics
• 1.6.4.  Kepler's laws of planetary motion
• 1.6.5.  Gravitational field and potential
• 1.7.  Fluid mechanics
• 1.7.1.  Pressure and Pascal's Principle
• 1.7.2.  Buoyancy and Archimedes' principle
• 1.7.3.  Fluid Dynamics and Bernoulli's Principle
• 1.7.4.  Viscosity and Poiseuille's law
• 1.7.5.  Surface tension and capillarity
• 1.8.  Oscillations and waves
• 1.8.1.  Simple Harmonic Motion
• 1.8.2.  Damped and driven oscillations
• 1.8.3.  Coupled oscillations and common modes
• 1.8.4.  Wave properties and types
• 1.8.5.  Sound Waves and the Doppler Effect
• 1.8.6.  Wave interference and superposition

2.  Electromagnetism

• 2.1.  Electrostatics
• 2.1.1.  Electric charge and properties
• 2.1.2.  Coulomb's law
• 2.1.3.  Electric field and electric potential
• 2.1.4.  Gauss's Law
• 2.1.5.  Capacitance and Dielectric
• 2.1.6.  Electric dipole and potential energy
• 2.2.  Electric circuits
• 2.2.1.  Current and Resistance
• 2.2.2.  Ohm's law
• 2.2.3.  Kirchhoff's Laws
• 2.2.4.  RC Circuit
• 2.2.5.  AC Circuits and Reactance
• 2.2.6.  Electric power and energy
• 2.3.  Magnetism
• 2.3.1.  Magnetic Fields and Forces
• 2.3.2.  Ampere's Law
• 2.3.3.  Magnetic dipole moment
• 2.3.4.  Biot-Savart law
• 2.3.5.  Magnetic Materials and Hysteresis
• 2.4.  Electromagnetic induction
• 2.4.1.  Faraday's Law
• 2.4.2.  Lenz's law
• 2.4.3.  Self and mutual induction
• 2.4.4.  Transformers and Inductive Circuits
• 2.5.  Maxwell's equations
• 2.5.1.  Gauss's law for electricity
• 2.5.2.  Gauss's law for magnetism
• 2.5.3.  Faraday's law of induction
• 2.5.4.  Ampere-Maxwell law
• 2.5.5.  Electromagnetic waves

3.  Thermodynamics

• 3.1.  Laws of Thermodynamics
• 3.1.1.  Zeroth law of thermodynamics
• 3.1.2.  First law of thermodynamics
• 3.1.3.  Second Law
• 3.1.4.  Third Law
• 3.2.  Heat and work
• 3.2.1.  Heat transfer (conduction, convection, radiation)
• 3.2.2.  Thermal expansion
• 3.2.3.  Heat engines and refrigerators
• 3.2.4.  Carnot cycle and efficiency
• 3.3.  Statistical mechanics
• 3.3.1.  Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution
• 3.3.2.  Entropy and Probability
• 3.3.3.  Partition function
• 3.3.4.  Fermi–Dirac and Bose–Einstein statistics

4.  Optics

• 4.1.  Geometrical Optics
• 4.1.1.  Reflection and Refraction
• 4.1.2.  Mirrors and lenses
• 4.1.3.  Optical Instruments
• 4.1.4.  Fermat's principle
• 4.2.  Wave optics
• 4.2.1.  Interference in wave optics
• 4.2.2.  Diffraction
• 4.2.3.  Polarization
• 4.2.4.  Coherence and holography

5.  Quantum mechanics

• 5.1.  Wave–particle duality
• 5.1.1.  Blackbody radiation in wave–particle duality in quantum mechanics
• 5.1.2.  Photoelectric effect
• 5.1.3.  Compton scattering
• 5.1.4.  De Broglie wavelength
• 5.2.  Schrödinger Equation
• 5.2.1.  Time-independent Schrödinger equation
• 5.2.2.  Particle in a box
• 5.2.3.  Quantum Tunneling
• 5.2.4.  Potential wells and obstacles
• 5.3.  Quantum States
• 5.3.1.  Wave function
• 5.3.2.  Quantum operators
• 5.3.3.  Heisenberg uncertainty principle
• 5.3.4.  Angular momentum and spin

6.  Relativity

• 6.1.  Special relativity
• 6.1.1.  Lorentz transformations
• 6.1.2.  Time expansion and length contraction
• 6.1.3.  Relativistic energy and momentum
• 6.2.  General relativity
• 6.2.1.  Principle of Equivalence
• 6.2.2.  Schwarzschild metric
• 6.2.3.  Gravitational waves
• 6.2.4.  Black holes and event horizons

7.  Solid state physics

• 7.1.  Crystal structure
• 7.1.1.  Bravais lattices
• 7.1.2.  X-ray diffraction
• 7.1.3.  Band theory
• 7.1.4.  Phonons and lattice vibrations
• 7.2.  Electrical and Magnetic Properties
• 7.2.1.  Conductors, Semiconductors and Insulators
• 7.2.2.  Superconductivity
• 7.2.3.  Hall effect

8.  Nuclear and particle physics

• 8.1.  Atomic Structure
• 8.1.1.  Atomic Model
• 8.1.2.  Nuclear binding energy
• 8.2.  Radioactivity
• 8.2.1.  Alpha, beta, gamma decay
• 8.2.2.  Half life
• 8.2.3.  Nuclear Fission and Fusion
• 8.3.  Particle physics
• 8.3.1.  Standard Model
• 8.3.2.  Quarks and Leptons
• 8.3.3.  antimatter
• 8.3.4.  Fundamental interactions

9.  Astrophysics and cosmology

• 9.1.  Stellar evolution
• 9.1.1.  Star formation
• 9.1.2.  Black holes and neutron stars
• 9.1.3.  White dwarfs and supernovae
• 9.2.  Cosmology
• 9.2.1.  The Big Bang Theory
• 9.2.2.  Dark matter and dark energy
• 9.2.3.  Cosmic microwave background