Grade 9
  1. Mechanics  1.1. Motion  1.1.1. Types of motion  1.1.2. Distance and displacement  1.1.3. Speed and Velocity  1.1.4. Acceleration  1.1.5. Graphical representation of motion  1.1.6. Equations of motion  1.1.7. Uniform and non-uniform motion  1.1.8. Free fall and acceleration due to gravity  1.1.9. Relative speed  1.1.10. Circular motion  1.2. Laws of force and motion  1.2.1. The concept of force  1.2.2. newton's first law of motion  1.2.3. Newton's second law of motion  1.2.4. Newton's third law of motion  1.2.5. Inertia and types of inertia  1.2.6. Motion  1.2.7. Conservation of momentum  1.2.8. Application of Newton's laws in daily life  1.2.9. Types of Forces (Contact and Non-Contact)  1.2.10. Friction and its effects  1.3. Gravitational force  1.3.1. Newton's law of universal gravitation  1.3.2. Importance of Gravitational Force  1.3.3. Acceleration due to gravity  1.3.4. Free fall and weightlessness  1.3.5. Mass and weight  1.3.6. Variation of g with height and depth  1.3.7. Kepler's laws of planetary motion  1.3.8. Satellites and their orbits  1.4. Work, Energy and Power  1.4.1. Concept of work  1.4.2. Positive and negative actions  1.4.3. Work done by constant and variable force  1.4.4. Energy and its forms  1.4.5. Kinetic energy and potential energy  1.4.6. Law of conservation of energy  1.4.8. Commercial unit of energy  1.4.9. Work–energy theorem  1.5. Simple machines  1.5.1. Types of simple machines  1.5.2. Mechanical advantage  1.5.3. Machine efficiency  1.5.4. Levers and their types  1.5.5. Pulleys and Inclined Planes  1.5.6. Gears and their uses
  2. Properties of matter  2.1. States of matter  2.1.1. Solids, liquids and gases  2.1.2. Properties of different states of matter  2.1.3. Change in state of matter  2.1.4. Plasma and Bose–Einstein condensate  2.2. Density and pressure  2.2.1. Concept of density and relative density  2.2.2. Pressure in solids, liquids and gases  2.2.3. Pascal's law and its applications  2.2.4. Atmospheric pressure and its variations  2.2.5. Surface tension and capillarity  2.3. Buoyancy and Archimedes' principle  2.3.1. Buoyant force  2.3.2. Archimedes principle  2.3.3. Applications of Archimedes' Principle  2.3.4. floating and sinking objects  2.3.5. Theory of Flotation and Archimedes' Principle
  3. Heat and Thermodynamics  3.1. Temperature and heat  3.1.1. Concept of heat and temperature  3.1.2. Temperature measurement  3.1.3. Temperature scales  3.2. Heat transfer  3.2.1. Conduction of heat  3.2.2. Convection of heat  3.2.3. heat radiation  3.2.4. Applications of heat transfer  3.2.5. Thermal conductivity  3.3. Thermal expansion  3.3.1. Expansion of solids, liquids and gases  3.3.2. Abnormal expansion of water  3.3.3. Applications of Thermal Expansion  3.4. Specific heat capacity and latent heat  3.4.1. Concept of specific heat capacity  3.4.2. Measurement and applications of specific heat  3.4.3. Latent heat of fusion and vaporization  3.4.4. Heat Engines and Efficiency
  4. Waves and sound  4.1. Waves and their types  4.1.1. Mechanical and electromagnetic waves  4.1.2. Longitudinal and Transverse Waves  4.1.3. Properties of Waves  4.1.4. Wavelength, frequency and speed of the wave  4.1.5. Superimposition of waves  4.2. Sound waves  4.2.1. Nature and transmission of sound  4.2.2. Speed of sound in different mediums  4.2.3. Reflection of sound and echo  4.2.4. Sonar and ultrasound  4.2.5. Resonance and pulsation  4.3. Sound characteristics  4.3.1. Intensity, loudness and quality of sound  4.3.2. Doppler effect in sound
  5. Lighting and Optics  5.1. Reflection of light  5.1.1. Laws of reflection  5.1.2. Reflection from a plane mirror  5.1.3. Reflection from a spherical mirror  5.1.4. Image formation by concave and convex mirrors  5.1.5. Applications of Reflection  5.2. Refraction of light  5.2.1. Laws of refraction  5.2.2. Refractive index  5.2.3. Refraction through a glass slab  5.2.4. Refraction in water and air  5.2.5. Lenses and their types  5.2.6. Image formation by convex and concave lenses  5.2.7. Total internal reflection and its applications  5.3. Dispersion and scattering of light  5.3.1. Spectrum of white light  5.3.2. Prisms and Dispersion  5.3.3. Tyndall effect and blue sky
  6. Electricity and Magnetism  6.1. Electric charge and static electricity  6.1.1. The concept of electric charge  6.1.2. Charging by friction, contact and induction  6.1.3. Electroscope and its working  6.2. Current Electricity  6.2.1. The concept of electric current  6.2.2. Ohm's Law and Resistance  6.2.3. Factors affecting resistance  6.2.4. Series and Parallel Circuits  6.2.5. Heating effect of electric current  6.2.6. Electric power and energy  6.3. Magnetism  6.3.1. Natural and artificial magnets  6.3.2. Properties of magnets  6.3.3. Earth's magnetism  6.3.4. Magnetic field and field lines  6.3.5. Electromagnets and their applications
  7. Modern Physics  7.1. structure of the atom  7.1.1. Atomic Structure and Subatomic Particles  7.1.2. Electrons, Protons, and Neutrons  7.1.3. Rutherford and Bohr model  7.2. Radioactivity  7.2.1. Types of radioactive emissions  7.2.2. Half-life and radioactive decay  7.2.3. Uses and Hazards of Radioactivity
  8. Space science and astronomy  8.1. The universe and its components  8.1.1. Stars and galaxies  8.1.2. Planets and Solar System  8.2. Satellites  8.2.1. Natural and artificial satellites  8.2.2. Use of satellites

Grade 9 → Mechanics → Motion ↓


Types of motion


Motion is an inevitable part of our daily lives. From the movement of celestial bodies in the sky to the fluttering of a leaf falling from a tree, motion is everywhere. Physics, especially mechanics, is the branch of science dedicated to understanding motion. In this detailed lesson, we will discuss the different types of motion in depth. Our goal is to make these concepts accessible and relatable with rich examples to make them easier to understand.

1. Translational motion

Translational motion occurs when an object moves from one point to another in space. This can happen in a straight line or on a curved path. Let us understand these in more detail:

1.1 Rectilinear motion

Rectilinear motion is the simplest form of motion, in which an object moves along a straight path. Think of a car traveling along a straight road or a bullet fired from a gun.

v = s / t

In this equation, v represents velocity, s is displacement, and t is the time taken.

1.2 Curvilinear motion

Curvilinear motion occurs when an object moves along a curved path. An example of this is the motion of a roller coaster on its tracks. Here, the path is not straight, and the direction of motion constantly changes.

s = rθ

In this formula, s represents the arc length, r is the radius of the path, and θ is the angle in radians.

2. Rotational motion

Rotational motion occurs when an object rotates around an internal axis. A classic example of this is the Earth's rotation on its axis, which results in day and night.

θ = ωt

Here, θ is the angular displacement, ω is the angular velocity, and t is time.

3. Oscillatory motion

Oscillatory motion is a repetitive back and forth motion around a central position. This is seen in a pendulum or swing. The motion occurs in regular intervals, known as periods.

3.1 Simple harmonic motion

A typical example of oscillatory motion is simple harmonic motion (SHM), where the restoring force is directly proportional to the displacement. The motion of a mass-spring system is often close to SHM.

F = -kx

In this equation, F is the force, k is the spring constant, and x is the displacement.

4. Periodic motion

Periodic motion repeats itself at regular intervals of time. Examples are the rotation of the Earth around the Sun and the ticking of a clock. It overlaps with oscillatory motion but is not limited to oscillations.

4.1 Examples of periodic motion

  • The movement of the clock hands.
  • Orbits of the planets around the sun.
  • Sound waves produced by a tuning fork.

5. Random motion

Random motion does not follow a predictable path. An example of this is the random motion of dust particles in the air or the motion of molecules in a gas.

5.1 Brownian motion

Brownian motion is a classic example of random motion. It describes the chaotic, irregular motion of microscopic particles in a fluid, which results from collisions with faster-moving molecules of the fluid.

6. Uniform and non-uniform motion

Motion may be classified based on the stability of the speed:

6.1 Uniform motion

In uniform motion, an object travels the same distance in equal intervals of time, which means constant speed. An example of this is a satellite that orbits the Earth at a constant speed.

6.2 Uneven speed

Non-uniform motion involves changes in speed over time, such as a car accelerating or decelerating at a traffic signal.

a = (v_f - v_i) / t

where a is the acceleration, v_f is the final velocity, v_i is the initial velocity, and t is the time interval.

Conclusion

Motion, in its various forms, affects everything from atoms to galaxies. Understanding the type of motion an object has helps predict its future state and behavior. Different types of motion may seem separate but are interconnected, forming the diverse fabric of our universe. Identifying and classifying these will not only deepen your understanding of physics but also help connect theoretical concepts to real-world applications.


Grade 9 → 1.1.1


U
username
0%
completed in Grade 9

← Prev (1.1)
Motion
Next (1.1.2) →
Distance and displacement

Comments 



Types of motion

https://www.physicsflow.com/g9/1.1.1?pfal=en